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The third largest tax increase storm in 15 years, how do traders react?
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Hello everyone, today XM Forex will bring you "[XM Foreign Exchange Decision Analysis]: The third largest tax increase storm in 15 years, how do traders react?". Hope this helps you! The original content is as follows:
The UK Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) released its autumn budget outlook report today (November 26). However, due to a technical glitch, the fiscal forecast data was unexpectedly released in advance before Chancellor of the Exchequer Reeves' official speech. This rare mistake triggered violent market fluctuations. The GBP/USD exchange rate has experienced a roller coaster ride from rising sharply to 1.3200 to falling back to around 1.3125 in just a few dozen minutes, and is currently trading near the 1.3170 line.
This budget is characterized as the third largest medium-term tax increase plan since the establishment of the OBR in 2010. About three-quarters of the borrowing reduction in the next five years will be achieved through tax increases. In a context where there is still significant uncertainty about the direction of global trade policy, the major adjustments in British fiscal policy have undoubtedly added new variables to the trend of sterling.
Interpretation of budget core data
The OBR report shows that the British government’s fiscal buffer space has reached 22 billion pounds, significantly higher than the previous market expectation of 15 billion pounds. This larger-than-expected fiscal surplus should have supported the pound, but the market reaction once showed the characteristics of "buying expectations and selling facts."
From the specific data point of view, the public sector net borrowing (PSNB) forecast shows a decreasing trend year by year: in the 2025-2026 fiscal year, it will be 138.3 billion pounds, and in the 2026-2027 fiscal year, it will drop to 138.3 billion pounds. 112.1 billion pounds, falling further to 98.5 billion pounds in the 2027-2028 fiscal year, 86.9 billion pounds in the 2028-2029 fiscal year, and will drop to 67.9 billion pounds in the 2029-2030 fiscal year.
In terms of tax growth, the tax measures in the budget are expected to increase taxes by a total of 26.1 billion pounds by the 2029-2030 fiscal year.Collect income. Among them, the freezing of the personal income tax threshold will contribute 8 billion pounds, the adjustment of national insurance contributions of salary sacrifice pensions will bring 4.7 billion pounds, the increase in dividend, property and savings tax rates will increase 2.1 billion pounds, and the electric vehicle mileage charge will contribute 1.4 billion pounds. The tax-to-GDP ratio is expected to climb to a record high of 38.3% by the 2030-2031 fiscal year.
Adjustments to Economic Growth and Inflation Expectations
OBR’s assessment of the UK’s economic growth prospects shows a divided pattern. The GDP growth forecast in 2025 is raised to 1.5% from the previous 1.0%, but the growth forecast in 2026 is lowered from 1.9% to 1.4%, and remains unchanged at 1.5% in 2027. What worries the market even more is that the medium-term productivity growth forecast has been lowered from 1.3% to 1.0%, which means that the potential growth momentum of the British economy is weakening.
Inflation is also not optimistic. The CPI inflation forecast for 2025 has been raised from 3.3% to 3.5%, indicating that short-term price pressure has intensified. However, the OBR expects inflation to fall back to the policy target level of 2.0% in 2027, which provides certain guidance for the Bank of England's monetary policy path.
Immediate market reaction
After the budget data was unexpectedly leaked in advance, the market experienced a dramatic long-short game. The GBP/USD exchange rate initially rose rapidly to reach the 1.3200 integer mark, but then quickly reversed and once fell below 1.3150. Observed from the 5-minute K-line chart, the exchange rate encountered strong selling pressure at 1.3200, forming an obvious upper shadow line, and then closed several negative lines in succession.
In response to the fluctuations in the currency market, the British government bond market also experienced significant adjustments. The 10-year British bond yield quickly climbed from 4.43% to 4.55% after the OBR report was leaked, an increase of more than 10 basis points. The rise in yields reflects concerns that the British government's massive tax hikes and spending plans could push up inflation, and also suggests traders are scaling back bets on how much the Bank of England will cut interest rates this year.
Policy logic and central bank path outlook
The core contradiction of the budget is that the government attempts to reduce borrowing through large-scale tax increases, but at the same time converts almost all savings into additional expenditures - expenditures will increase by approximately 11 billion pounds by the 2029-2030 fiscal year. Among them, adjustments to welfare policies and the lifting of the upper limit on two-child benefits accounted for 9 billion pounds in incremental spending. This model of "raising taxes on the left and increasing spending on the right" has doubts about the effect of improving fiscal sustainability.
For the Bank of England, the upward risk to inflation posed by the budget may strengthen its case for maintaining a restrictive interest rate stance. The OBR raised its inflation forecast for 2025 to 3.5%, which means that price pressures are still far from the 2% target. Against this backdrop, market expectations for the pace of interest rate cuts by the Bank of England are undergoing repricing.
Assessment of the market outlook
Looking ahead to the market outlook, the short-term trend of the pound against the US dollar will continue to be affected by the subsequent interpretation of the budget and the marketThe dominance of emotional digestion. From a technical perspective, whether the exchange rate can stabilize near 1.3150 will be the key: if this support is effective, it is expected to build a bottom pattern and try to rebound; if it falls below, it may accelerate its decline.
In the medium term, we need to pay attention to the following risk factors: first, the potential impact of global trade policy uncertainty on the British export-oriented economy; second, the degree of differentiation between the Bank of England’s monetary policy path and the Federal Reserve; third, possible political games during the implementation of the budget.
The market is currently in a sensitive window period to digest the impact of major fiscal policies, and volatility is expected to remain high. Traders are paying close attention to the direction of the breakout of the 1.3100 to 1.3200 range to judge the evolution of the exchange rate's medium-term trend.
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